Flights Tracking: Track and Query Real-Time Flight Status Updates

Question

## Round 1 - Coding

## Problem

Implement a flight tracking system. Flights have a status that updates over time. Support querying all flights by origin, destination, or status. Also return any flights currently delayed.

```python
class FlightTracker:
    def add_flight(self, flight_id: str, origin: str, dest: str,
                   departure: str, arrival: str) -> None:
        ...
    def update_status(self, flight_id: str, status: str,
                      delay_minutes: int = 0) -> None:
        # status: "on_time", "delayed", "landed", "cancelled"
        ...
    def get_delayed(self) -> list[str]:          # returns flight_ids
        ...
    def flights_from(self, origin: str) -> list[dict]:
        ...
    def flights_to(self, dest: str) -> list[dict]:
        ...
```

## Example

```
tracker = FlightTracker()
tracker.add_flight("AA100", "JFK", "LAX", "08:00", "11:30")
tracker.add_flight("UA200", "ORD", "LAX", "09:00", "12:00")
tracker.update_status("AA100", "delayed", 45)
tracker.get_delayed()          -> ["AA100"]
tracker.flights_to("LAX")     -> [{"id":"AA100",...},{"id":"UA200",...}]
```

## Follow-ups

1. How do you efficiently query all flights originating from a given airport if you have 10,000 flights?
2. If a flight status changes multiple times, how do you maintain a history of state transitions?
3. How would you alert subscribers when a specific flight's status changes?
4. Design the schema to store this in a relational database. Which columns would you index?

Flights Tracking: Track and Query Real-Time Flight Status Updates

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