## Round 1 - Fundamentals Q&A **Operating Systems:** - What is the difference between a process and a thread? - Explain how virtual memory works. What happens on a page fault? - What is a deadlock? State the four necessary conditions. **Networking:** - Walk me through what happens when you type `https://example.com` in a browser and hit Enter. - What is the difference between TCP and UDP? When would you choose UDP? - What does a 3-way handshake accomplish? **Data Structures:** - When would you choose a hash map over a BST? - Explain how a consistent hash ring works. **Concurrency:** - What is a race condition? Give an example. - How does a mutex differ from a semaphore? ## Round 2 - Coding Warm-up Implement a thread-safe counter in Python using a lock. ```python import threading class SafeCounter: def __init__(self): ... def increment(self): ... def value(self) -> int: ... ``` ## Follow-ups 1. How would you detect a deadlock at runtime in a production system? 2. Explain cache coherence in a multi-core CPU. 3. What tradeoffs do you make when choosing between optimistic and pessimistic locking? 4. How does Python's GIL affect your thread-safe counter?

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CS Fundamentals Phone Screen: OS, Networking, Data Structures, and Concurrency

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Round 1 - Fundamentals Q&A Operating Systems: What is the difference between a process and a thread? Explain how virtual memory works. What happens on a page fault? What is a deadlock? State the four necessary conditions. Networking: Walk me through what happens when you type in a browser and hit Enter. What is the difference between TCP and UDP? When would you choose UDP? What does a 3-way handshake accomplish? Data Structures: When would you choose a hash map over a BST? Explain how a consiste…

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This is a reported interview question from a optiver interview during the phone round.

It covers the following topics: Binary Tree, Coding, Hash Table, Phone .

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Binary Tree Coding Hash Table Phone

CS Fundamentals Phone Screen: OS, Networking, Data Structures, and Concurrency

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